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*Update Oct 9 2018: So some important discoveries. First a couple weeks ago I realized that you dont need to use 2 layers if you already have a capacitor to use. You just need 1 current collector coated with preferably a negatively charging triboelectric material such as teflon. You can coat both sides for best effect. If you are doing this for health reasons skip the capacitor altogether and just ground it and use positively charging materials from the triboelectric series to coat the current collector. See my Triborgone post. For power generation coat the current collector with negatively charging materials. Next connect the current collector to the negative side of a capacitor, and connect the positive side of the capacitor to earth ground. This will charge the capacitor to several hundred millivolts. Next charge up more capacitors like this either parallely with the first capacitor or separatly. The capacitors can be connected in series and charged individually, then a load can be placed across the series capacitor string to get a higher voltage output.
*Update May 2 2018: This technology can be used and calibrated to be an electrostatic charging potential of the air (or any medium like water) sensor. This could be useful anywhere but especially in explosives industry to monitor and/or adjust the risk of explosions from built up charge. If this sensor charges up in voltage fast it means that the atmosphere is bad at neutralizing charges. To achieve this monitering it can be done any way but one interesting way is to link it to a small portable computer like an arduino. The data can be sent and/or stored any way but especially wirelessly to a display device would be ideal. The data could be presented in any way but especially converted to a new measurement unit such as but not limited to ECP (Electrostatic charging potential). This unit can be defined as a voltage charging rate of a sensor with defined attributes like material selection, thicknesses, assembly method, surface area, etc.*
Herin is described a method to make a triboelectric generator that generates electricity under ambient atmospheric conditions and also a method to make highly optimized triboelectric generating structures from a single shape panel or many shapes or large pieces as a skin. This idea was inspired by the way the egyptian pyramids functioned as triboelectric generators and also the natural pyramids that inspired the egyptians to use the shape to electrically pull groundwater to the surface of the earth. Recently research into triboelectric nanogenerators revealed that pyramids are the optimum shape for triboelectric surfaces.
The Seked. It is the building block of a modern pyramid. This shape can be used to tessellate and make the entire surface of a pyramid. The optimized shape is likely defined as a right triangle whose perpendicular sides are a ratio; 1 and 1.618034. This is roughly the values of the Great Pyramid and is the golden ratio. This right triangle can be used as panels to create a pyramid structure. Any shape can be used for this triboelectric generator but the seked may be optimum for many uses. Left and Right handed versions would be required if a golden seked is used.
This panel should be able to connect to other panels electrically and perhaps mechanically, but this is not required. This panel by virtue of its shape can be used to create small pyramids that are a part of the surface of large pyramids, a sort of fractal design if desired. This can even be used in ambient or high relative motion underwater conditions or in air or elevated above the earth at any altitude even space if desired if certain design considerations like sealing out the elements are taken.
The panel would consist of a layer of thin preferably Teflon PTFE or any other triboelectric material including metals, metaloids, non-metals, semiconductor, mixtures, compounds, molecules, etc or mixtures or combinations therof, in crystalline, amorphous or any other form; preferably .001 thick, but any thickness would work. What this teflon or any other material layer does is collect charges from the atmosphere or water or anything else. This layer may or may not contain other materials like carbon to make it conductive or anything else. This layer may or may not be, but preferably would be, joined tightly to a current collector such as a metal or carbon based sheet. This joining may include preferably barium titanate and/or carbon of some size mixed with a binder (or no binder) to adhere if desired the teflon with the conductive sheet preferably copper or copper mesh. If a binder (glue) is used preferably the binder will set while pressure is being applied as to assure a very close contact. Or if no binder is used a mechanical framing can be used to apply pressure to the contact if desired. Instead of the conductive sheet a transparent conductor can be used like indium tin oxide. A transparent current collector would be good if this was used over the top of solar cells. There would be a dielectric and then another conductive layer but this one would be grounded. The top layer stealing atmopspheric energy and the bottom layer connected to ground. This allows the top layer to induce an opposite charge on the bottom layer thus "charging" its own small capacitance. The top current collector can be connected to one side of another capacitor and the grounded conductive sheet to the other pole of the capacitor and this will cause charging of the capacitor. The same can be done with a battery or any other energy storage or usage device.
Binders and other materials may or may not be used between any or all layers. This is basically a triboelectric energy harvesting capacitor. The dielectric can be anything but preferably a mixture of barium titanate and epoxy, thinnest layer possible that prevents electrical conduction between the conductive layers. Multiple of these capacitance layers can be used. The charge acquired by triboelectricity is temporarily stored in it's inherent capacitance. So the minimal amount of layers are triboelectric material, current collector (optional but desired), dielectric, current collector; but a baseplate, preferably polycarbonate can also be used for stability and mounting purposes among other uses. The two conductive layers can be connected to a capacitor and/or battery to "store" acquired charge. This connection may or may not use diodes. If diodes are not used then when the capacitor charges to a high enough voltage the panels dielectric may breakdown and short the panel. Also these panels can be connected to each-other to increase the area of energy harvesting and intrinsic capacitance. This connection can be made in any way but preferably would include a resistor on the order of 100 ohm to 1 Mega-ohm so that dangerous large sparks cannot be produced from discharge. The larger the resistance used the better the intrinsic capacitor needs to be so that it can acquire a high charge without dissipating. The connection between panels can be made with wire and connectors or even mechanically by conductive surfaces as the panels are placed together or near each-other. Alternatively they could be connected by way of a shared "baseplate" that multiple panels are placed on or connected to.
The teflon surface itself or the assembly in general can be flat or even include small shapes such as pyramids (circular pyramids or any number of straight sides like square pyramids) stamped into the plastic or panel or made any other way. Micro/nano pyramids can also be created on the surface of the PTFE teflon by corona discharge treating the surface preferably with a wattage of over 100W in order to make the surface superhydrophobic. This creates micro pyramid like structures on the surface and will greatly enhance the triboelectric generating potential. For joining the seams between panels and perhaps even the edges of the individual panels themselves a surface protection teflon tape can be used if desired.
This technology can be used for any use, from panels for houses to building scale pyramid models, to energy harvesting groups of structures, to smooth skins for cars, planes, and boats. It can be used in high, medium, or low atmospheric agitation. Any application of this technology is possible and covered under this open source invention.
Example purchase list and calculations:
185.8312 m height of piece 7316.189 in 11.001 (1:665 scale) <<11">>
115.1833 m leg of piece 4534.776 in 6.819 (1:665 scale) <<6.8">>
1.618034 golden ratio
.002 thick teflon
https://www.mcmaster.com/#8569k34/=1ciha7i
Polycarbonate
https://www.mcmaster.com/#8574k192/=1cil0wr
1/2" teflon tape
https://www.mcmaster.com/#6305a21/=1ciglt8
Steel for press
https://www.mcmaster.com/#1607t153/=1cilmou
rubber for pressing on teflon
https://www.mcmaster.com/#1370n39/=1cilpr6
1 mil copper
https://basiccopper.com/12x101milcof.html
Screen printing frame
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Silk-screen-printing-frames-16-x12-inside-14-x10-with-Premium-180-Mesh/222827618638?hash=item33e18fa14e:g:DZ4AAOSwRbtZ8Tzz
Silk screen material
https://www.ebay.com/itm/1-yard-Silk-screen-printing-mesh-fabric-60M-24T-width-50inch-white-screen-mesh/261982975260?hash=item3cff66f51c:g:SyIAAOSwPcVVtvDM
tetra-etch
http://store.armyproperty.com/products/etching-solution-nsn-6850-00-431-8662.html
epoxy for PTFE
http://www.glueonline.co.uk/acatalog/Structural_Adhesives.html
Barium Titanate
https://micronmetals.com/product/electronic-grade/
Barium Carbonate
https://www.ebay.com/itm/BARIUM-CARBONATE-99-1-Pound-lb-Lab-Ceramic-Chemical-BaCO3/201990146353?hash=item2f078d0931:g:c9MAAOxy1VlREXDl
*Update May 2 2018: This technology can be used and calibrated to be an electrostatic charging potential of the air (or any medium like water) sensor. This could be useful anywhere but especially in explosives industry to monitor and/or adjust the risk of explosions from built up charge. If this sensor charges up in voltage fast it means that the atmosphere is bad at neutralizing charges. To achieve this monitering it can be done any way but one interesting way is to link it to a small portable computer like an arduino. The data can be sent and/or stored any way but especially wirelessly to a display device would be ideal. The data could be presented in any way but especially converted to a new measurement unit such as but not limited to ECP (Electrostatic charging potential). This unit can be defined as a voltage charging rate of a sensor with defined attributes like material selection, thicknesses, assembly method, surface area, etc.*
Herin is described a method to make a triboelectric generator that generates electricity under ambient atmospheric conditions and also a method to make highly optimized triboelectric generating structures from a single shape panel or many shapes or large pieces as a skin. This idea was inspired by the way the egyptian pyramids functioned as triboelectric generators and also the natural pyramids that inspired the egyptians to use the shape to electrically pull groundwater to the surface of the earth. Recently research into triboelectric nanogenerators revealed that pyramids are the optimum shape for triboelectric surfaces.
The Seked. It is the building block of a modern pyramid. This shape can be used to tessellate and make the entire surface of a pyramid. The optimized shape is likely defined as a right triangle whose perpendicular sides are a ratio; 1 and 1.618034. This is roughly the values of the Great Pyramid and is the golden ratio. This right triangle can be used as panels to create a pyramid structure. Any shape can be used for this triboelectric generator but the seked may be optimum for many uses. Left and Right handed versions would be required if a golden seked is used.
This panel should be able to connect to other panels electrically and perhaps mechanically, but this is not required. This panel by virtue of its shape can be used to create small pyramids that are a part of the surface of large pyramids, a sort of fractal design if desired. This can even be used in ambient or high relative motion underwater conditions or in air or elevated above the earth at any altitude even space if desired if certain design considerations like sealing out the elements are taken.
The panel would consist of a layer of thin preferably Teflon PTFE or any other triboelectric material including metals, metaloids, non-metals, semiconductor, mixtures, compounds, molecules, etc or mixtures or combinations therof, in crystalline, amorphous or any other form; preferably .001 thick, but any thickness would work. What this teflon or any other material layer does is collect charges from the atmosphere or water or anything else. This layer may or may not contain other materials like carbon to make it conductive or anything else. This layer may or may not be, but preferably would be, joined tightly to a current collector such as a metal or carbon based sheet. This joining may include preferably barium titanate and/or carbon of some size mixed with a binder (or no binder) to adhere if desired the teflon with the conductive sheet preferably copper or copper mesh. If a binder (glue) is used preferably the binder will set while pressure is being applied as to assure a very close contact. Or if no binder is used a mechanical framing can be used to apply pressure to the contact if desired. Instead of the conductive sheet a transparent conductor can be used like indium tin oxide. A transparent current collector would be good if this was used over the top of solar cells. There would be a dielectric and then another conductive layer but this one would be grounded. The top layer stealing atmopspheric energy and the bottom layer connected to ground. This allows the top layer to induce an opposite charge on the bottom layer thus "charging" its own small capacitance. The top current collector can be connected to one side of another capacitor and the grounded conductive sheet to the other pole of the capacitor and this will cause charging of the capacitor. The same can be done with a battery or any other energy storage or usage device.
Binders and other materials may or may not be used between any or all layers. This is basically a triboelectric energy harvesting capacitor. The dielectric can be anything but preferably a mixture of barium titanate and epoxy, thinnest layer possible that prevents electrical conduction between the conductive layers. Multiple of these capacitance layers can be used. The charge acquired by triboelectricity is temporarily stored in it's inherent capacitance. So the minimal amount of layers are triboelectric material, current collector (optional but desired), dielectric, current collector; but a baseplate, preferably polycarbonate can also be used for stability and mounting purposes among other uses. The two conductive layers can be connected to a capacitor and/or battery to "store" acquired charge. This connection may or may not use diodes. If diodes are not used then when the capacitor charges to a high enough voltage the panels dielectric may breakdown and short the panel. Also these panels can be connected to each-other to increase the area of energy harvesting and intrinsic capacitance. This connection can be made in any way but preferably would include a resistor on the order of 100 ohm to 1 Mega-ohm so that dangerous large sparks cannot be produced from discharge. The larger the resistance used the better the intrinsic capacitor needs to be so that it can acquire a high charge without dissipating. The connection between panels can be made with wire and connectors or even mechanically by conductive surfaces as the panels are placed together or near each-other. Alternatively they could be connected by way of a shared "baseplate" that multiple panels are placed on or connected to.
The teflon surface itself or the assembly in general can be flat or even include small shapes such as pyramids (circular pyramids or any number of straight sides like square pyramids) stamped into the plastic or panel or made any other way. Micro/nano pyramids can also be created on the surface of the PTFE teflon by corona discharge treating the surface preferably with a wattage of over 100W in order to make the surface superhydrophobic. This creates micro pyramid like structures on the surface and will greatly enhance the triboelectric generating potential. For joining the seams between panels and perhaps even the edges of the individual panels themselves a surface protection teflon tape can be used if desired.
This technology can be used for any use, from panels for houses to building scale pyramid models, to energy harvesting groups of structures, to smooth skins for cars, planes, and boats. It can be used in high, medium, or low atmospheric agitation. Any application of this technology is possible and covered under this open source invention.
Example purchase list and calculations:
185.8312 m height of piece 7316.189 in 11.001 (1:665 scale) <<11">>
115.1833 m leg of piece 4534.776 in 6.819 (1:665 scale) <<6.8">>
1.618034 golden ratio
.002 thick teflon
https://www.mcmaster.com/#8569k34/=1ciha7i
Polycarbonate
https://www.mcmaster.com/#8574k192/=1cil0wr
1/2" teflon tape
https://www.mcmaster.com/#6305a21/=1ciglt8
Steel for press
https://www.mcmaster.com/#1607t153/=1cilmou
rubber for pressing on teflon
https://www.mcmaster.com/#1370n39/=1cilpr6
1 mil copper
https://basiccopper.com/12x101milcof.html
Screen printing frame
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Silk-screen-printing-frames-16-x12-inside-14-x10-with-Premium-180-Mesh/222827618638?hash=item33e18fa14e:g:DZ4AAOSwRbtZ8Tzz
Silk screen material
https://www.ebay.com/itm/1-yard-Silk-screen-printing-mesh-fabric-60M-24T-width-50inch-white-screen-mesh/261982975260?hash=item3cff66f51c:g:SyIAAOSwPcVVtvDM
tetra-etch
http://store.armyproperty.com/products/etching-solution-nsn-6850-00-431-8662.html
epoxy for PTFE
http://www.glueonline.co.uk/acatalog/Structural_Adhesives.html
Barium Titanate
https://micronmetals.com/product/electronic-grade/
Barium Carbonate
https://www.ebay.com/itm/BARIUM-CARBONATE-99-1-Pound-lb-Lab-Ceramic-Chemical-BaCO3/201990146353?hash=item2f078d0931:g:c9MAAOxy1VlREXDl
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