Rechargeable CO2 Formic Acid flow battery; metabolic biological batteryopen source patent

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*This flow battery is probaby most preferable to run as a hybrid fuel cell by sparging oxygen into the bicarbonate side and hydrogen into the formic acid side as this will help keep the voltage constant and also probably help with recharging.  At a minimum there would probably need to be an oxidizer constantly added whether that be air/co2/oxygen/nitrous/h2o2 in order to maintain a maximal voltage.*

This battery is very similar to the volcano battery but is a little more sophisticated and can be recharged not just the liquids refreshed to charge it.  Inthis case we are using either carbonic acid or alkali/alkaline bicarbonate and the other isde is formic acid.  The two sides are separated by a flow battery membrane.  The membrane ideally will only allow H+ ions (reducing equivalents) to cross from the formic acid (reducing) side into the co2 (oxidizing) side just like how biological organisms do it.

For example lets say the oxidizing side is carbonic acid or carbonate/bicarbonate ion and the reducing side is formic acid.  When the battery is depleted both sides would be carbonic acid (possibly because co2 is pressurized over the liquid).  A voltage can then be applied across the terminals and (with the help of a catalyst if desired) what happens is on the negative terminal formic acid is formed since co2 plus hydrogen ions plus electrons creates formic acid.  The hydrogen ions come from the water as co2 dissolved in water liberates hydrogen ions from the water.  On the other side you have carbonic acid/bicarbonate/carbonate ion (depending on how many protons you used up from making the formic acid and what pressure of co2 is above the liquid).

So in conclusion you have water or any suitable liquid.  You dissolve co2 in it (with or without sodium or potassium or whatever) under pressure and you have carbonic acid (or a bicarbonate in the case you used alkali/alkaline counter ion).  You now electrolyze the solution (still under co2 pressure if desired) to have formic acid form on one side and carbonic acid/bicarbonate on the other.  This is your Rechargable metabolic flow battery (RMFB) or rechargable biological flow battery (RBFB), formic flow battery (FFB), CO2 flow battery (CFB); whatever you wish to call it.

This technology can be used by itself or in combination with anode/cathode metals and/or in combination with sparged gasses.  Using all the above would make this a flow battery/regular battery/fuel cell hybrid/tribrid.